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Keiko Fukuda
was a Japanese-born American martial artist. She was the highest-ranked female judoka in history, holding the rank of 9th ''dan'' from the Kodokan (2006), and 10th ''dan'' from USA Judo (July 2011) and from the United States Judo Federation (USJF) (September 2011), and was the last surviving student of Kanō Jigorō, founder of judo.〔Sullivan, K. (2003): (A lifetime of Judo: 90 year old Keiko Fukuda, the martial art's highest-ranked women (''sic''), still goes to the mat for her Bay Area students ) Reproduced from the ''San Francisco Chronicle'' (October 17, 2003). Retrieved on April 25, 2010.〕〔Davis, S. (2009): (A living legend: Judo Master Keiko Fukuda ) (July 14, 2009). Retrieved on April 24, 2010.〕〔(Tengu House: Keiko Fukuda ) (December 5, 2007). Retrieved on April 24, 2010.〕〔Hoppe, S. T. (1998): ''Sharp Spear, Crystal Mirror: Martial arts in women's lives'' (p. 266). Rochester, VT: Park Street Press. (ISBN 978-0-8928-1662-0)〕〔Takahashi, M. (2005): ''Mastering Judo'' (p. 33). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. (ISBN 978-0-7360-5099-9)〕〔Narimatsu, K. (2011): (USA Judo promotes Professor Keiko Fukuda to 10th Dan!!! ) (August 1, 2011). Retrieved on August 6, 2011.〕〔Ashley, J. (2011): (98-year-old woman becomes first woman ever to earn Judo's highest-degree black belt ) ''Shine'' (August 9, 2011). Retrieved on August 9, 2011.〕 She was a renowned pioneer of women's judo, together with her senpai Masako Noritomi (1913-1982) being the first woman promoted to 6th ''dan'' (c. 1972). In 2006 the Kodokan promoted Fukuda to 9th ''dan''. She is also the first and, so far, only woman to have been promoted to 10th ''dan'' in the art of judo.〔May, M. (2011): (Judo master makes 10th degree black belt ) ''San Francisco Chronicle'' (August 6, 2011). Retrieved on August 10, 2011.〕 After completing her formal education in Japan, Fukuda visited the United States of America to teach in the 1950s and 1960s, and eventually settled there. She continued to teach her art in the San Francisco Bay Area until her death in 2013.
==Early life==
Fukuda was born on April 12, 1913, in Tokyo.〔〔Sidney, J. (2003): ''The Warrior's Path: Wisdom from contemporary martial arts masters''. Boston, MA: Shambhala Publications. (ISBN 978-1-5903-0074-9)〕 Her father died when she was very young.〔 As a youth, she learned the arts of calligraphy, flower arrangement, and the tea ceremony; typical pursuits for a woman in Japan at that time.〔 Despite her conventional upbringing, Fukuda felt close to judo through memories of her grandfather, and one day went with her mother to watch a judo training session.〔 A few months later, she decided to begin training for herself.〔 Her mother and brother supported this decision, but her uncle was opposed to the idea.〔 Her mother and brother had thought that Fukuda would eventually marry one of the judo practitioners, but she never married, instead becoming a judo expert herself.〔
Fukuda's grandfather, Fukuda Hachinosuke, had been a samurai and master of Tenjin Shinyō-ryū jujutsu, and he had taught that art to Kanō Jigorō, founder of judo and head of the Kodokan.〔〔〔Johnson, G. (1974): "A single reed that bends gracefully in the wind." ''Black Belt'', 12(6):28–33.〕〔(Joshi Judo: 2010 Joshi Camp ) (2010). Retrieved on April 25, 2010.〕〔Cavalcanti, K. (c. 1998): (The history of Kodokan Judo ) Retrieved on April 25, 2010.〕 Kanō had studied under three jujutsu masters before founding judo, and Fukuda's grandfather had been the first of these men.〔De Leonardis, A. (1966): "The weaker (?) sex is organizing: A world leader in woman's (''sic'') judo takes a knowing look at some of the surprising things that lady judokas are up to these days." ''Black Belt'', 4(11):40–45.〕 Kanō had taught female students as early as 1893 (Sueko Ashiya), and had formally opened the ''joshi-bu'' (women's section) of the Kodokan in 1926.〔〔Walsh, D. (2009): (Martial arts heroines ) (May 8, 2009). Retrieved on April 25, 2010.〕 He personally invited the young Fukuda to study judo—an unusual gesture for that time—as a mark of respect for her grandfather.〔〔Anonymous (1974): "PSJA women host Keiko Fukuda." ''Black Belt'', 12(4):13.〕 She began training in judo in 1935, as one of only 24 women training at the Kodokan.〔〔〔 Apart from instruction by judo's founder, Fukuda also learned from Kyuzo Mifune.〔
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